ORACLE怎么进行导入导出数据

开发技术作者：chen 2024-03-28 14:20:01

本篇内容介绍了“ORACLE怎么进行导入导出数据”的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情...

本篇内容介绍了“ORACLE怎么进行导入导出数据”的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！

简介：

Sqluldr2：专业用于大数据量导出工具之一，效率比普通导出快70%。 ( Sqlldr：专业用于导入的工具之一，请注意两个工具的区别。),在使用时,最好用磁盘写入速度快，网络好，网速快的做。

工具列表:

针对不同平台用不同的导出工具：

Windows: sqluldr2.exe

Linux(32位)： sqluldr2_linux32_10204.bin

Linux(64位): sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin

使用说明（Windows平台）：

使用sqluldr2的步骤：

1.打开运行àcmd进入到sqluldr2.exe的当前目录

2.参数介绍

User=用户/密码@tns

Query=”查询语句”

File= 导出的路径

Head= 输出信息时，yes表示要表头，no表示不要表头

注意：想查看更多参数，请输入 sqluldr2 help=yes

C:\\Users\\meng\\Desktop\\sqluldr2>sqluldr2.exe help=yes
SQL*UnLoader: Fast Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP, Parallel), Release 4.0.1
(@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQL.net) 2004 - 2010, all rights reserved.
License: Free for non-commercial useage, else 100 USD per server.
Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
Valid Keywords:
user = username/password@tnsname
sql = SQL file name
query = select statement
field = separator string between fields
record = separator string between records
rows = print progress for every given rows (default, 1000000)
file = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt)
log = log file name, prefix with + to append mode
fast = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES)
text = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH).
charset = character set name of the target database.
ncharset= national character set name of the target database.
parfile = read command option from parameter file
read = set DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT at session level
sort = set SORT_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB)
hash = set HASH_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB)
array = array fetch size
head = print row header(Yes|No)
batch = save to new file for every rows batch (Yes/No)
size = maximum output file piece size (UNIB:MB)
serial = set _serial_direct_read to TRUE at session level
trace = set event 10046 to given level at session level
table = table name in the sqlldr control file
control = sqlldr control file and path.
mode = sqlldr option, INSERT or APPEND or REPLACE or TRUNCATE
buffer = sqlldr READSIZE and BINDSIZE, default 16 (MB)
long = maximum long field size
width = customized max column width (w1:w2:...)
quote = optional quote string
data = disable real data unload (NO, OFF)
alter = alter session SQLs to be execute before unload
safe = use large buffer to avoid ORA-24345 error (Yes|No)
crypt = encrypted user information only (Yes|No)
sedf/t = enable character translation function
null = replace null with given value
escape = escape character for special characters
escf/t = escape from/to characters list
format = MYSQL: MySQL Insert SQLs, SQL: Insert SQLs.
exec = the command to execute the SQLs.
prehead = column name prefix for head line.
rowpre = row prefix string for each line.
rowsuf = row sufix string for each line.
colsep = separator string between column name and value.
presql = SQL or scripts to be executed before data unload.
postsql = SQL or scripts to be executed after data unload.
lob = extract lob values to single file (FILE).
lobdir = subdirectory count to store lob files .
split = table name for automatically parallelization.
degree = parallelize data copy degree (2-128).
hint = MySQL SQL hint for the Insert, for example IGNORE.
unique = Unique Column List for the MySQL target table.
update = Enable MySQL ON DUPLICATE SQL statement(YES/NO).
for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,
\\r=0x0d \\n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, \\t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27
C:\\Users\\meng\\Desktop\\sqluldr2>

代码例子1：

sqluldr2.exe USER=用户/密码@tnsQUERY="select /*+ parallel(8) */ *from cs_XXX dt,cfg_XXX devdim105 wheredt.starttime>=to_date('2012-06-27 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss') and dt.starttime<=to_date('2012-06-2700:01:59','yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss') AND dt.msc= devdim105.mapvalue(+) ANDdevdim105.deviceid=15 " head=yes FILE=F:\\cs_XXX_test.csv

代码例子2(这种方式用于导出的查询sql很长，那么就把sql写在123.sql文件里 )：

sqluldr2.exe USER=用户/密码@tns sql=123.sqlhead=yes FILE=F:\\cs_XXX_test.csv

3.在cmd里，直接把步骤2的代码例子1 ，贴进去执行。

注：如果执行报报错，就有可能是环境变量path的问题，还有就是plsql需要的oci.dll文件等多个dll文件，请放在sqluldr2的目录下。

4.查看结果F:\\cs_XXX_test.csv

5.打开csv里面的内容，就可以用sqlldr进行入库。

--如果是linux版本

[root@localhost export_xdr]# ./sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin
SQL*UnLoader: Fast Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP, Parallel), Release 4.0.1
(@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQL.net) 2004 - 2010, all rights reserved.
Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
Valid Keywords:
user = username/password@tnsname
sql = SQL file name
query = select statement
field = separator string between fields
record = separator string between records
rows = print progress for every given rows (default, 1000000)
file = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt)
log = log file name, prefix with + to append mode
fast = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES)
text = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH).
charset = character set name of the target database.
ncharset= national character set name of the target database.
parfile = read command option from parameter file
for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,
\\r=0x0d \\n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, \\t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27

[root@localhost export_xdr]# cd /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/
[root@localhost lib]# ls
glogin.sql libclntsh.so.10.1 libnnz11.so libocci.so.11.1 libocijdbc11.so libsqlplus.so ojdbc6.jar xstreams.jar
libclntsh.so libclntsh.so.11.1 libocci.so libociei.so libsqlplusic.so ojdbc5.jar ottclasses.zip
[root@localhost lib]# ls -l
total 185012
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 368 Sep 17 2011 glogin.sql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 26 17:08 libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.11.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Jan 26 17:31 libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52761218 Sep 17 2011 libclntsh.so.11.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7955322 Sep 17 2011 libnnz11.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jan 26 17:08 libocci.so -> libocci.so.11.1

[root@localhost export_xdr]# history |grep ln
94 find / -name libclntsh.so.10.1
95 find / -name libclntsh.so
116 find / -name libclntsh.so
127 ln libclntsh.so.10.1 libocci.so
128 ln libocci.so libclntsh.so.10.1
130 rm libclntsh.so.10.1 -f
132 ln libclntsh.so libclntsh.so.10.1
134 rm libclntsh.so.10.1 -f
135 ln libclntsh.so.10.1 libclntsh.so

./sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin user=unxx/密码@192.168.x.x:1521/unxx query="select/*+ parallel(2) */STARTTIME, ENDTIME,phone,imei,rantype,HCITY from v_ps_xxx dt,mv_terminal cc where endtime_par>=trunc(sysdate)-1 and endtime_par<trunc(sysdate)-1+1/24 and dt.TACID=cc.TACID(+) " head=yes field=0x09 text=txt file='/BigData/export_xdr/exportting.txt.tmp';

补充：

兄弟们，在安装的时候，是不是经常遇到报错？

比如：

[root@FCJ-2F-21 ~]# ./sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin
./sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@FCJ-2F-21 ~]# more /etc/profile

方法一：

这个so文件，在安装oracle后，肯定是有的，如果没有可以用软连接 ln -s xxxx libclntsh.so.10.1

1.下面只需配置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/Oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

[oracle@FCJ-2F-21 lib]$ more /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
pathmunge () {
if ! echo $PATH | /bin/egrep -q "(^|:)$1($|:)" ; then
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
fi
}
# ksh workaround
if [ -z "$EUID" -a -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
EUID=`id -u`
UID=`id -ru`
fi
# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
pathmunge /sbin
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
fi
# No core files by default
ulimit -S -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ -z "$INPUTRC" -a ! -f "$HOME/.inputrc" ]; then
INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 99 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
. $i
else
. $i >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset pathmunge
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export TNS_ADMIN=/usr/lib/oracle/11.1/client64/
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

2.source /etc/profile

ORACLE怎么进行导入导出数据

成功。

方法二：（来自其他网友）

如果共享库文件安装到了/usr/local/lib(很多开源的共享库都会安装到该目录下)或其它"非/lib或/usr/lib"目录下, 那么在执行ldconfig命令前, 还要把新共享库目录加入到共享库配置文件/etc/ld.so.conf中, 如下:
# cat /etc/ld.so.conf
include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
# echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig

----实例演示
下载完sqluldr2，文件夹内容如下：
sqluldr2_linux32_10204.bin和sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin分别适用于与linux32位和linux64位操作系统；
sqluldr2.exe用于windows平台。

以下是导出导入过程：
1、首先将sqluldr2.exe复制到到$ORACLE_HOME的bin目录，即可开始使用：

2、查看help帮助：

3、执行导出数据命令：
sqluldr2.exe USER=hh/hh@tiod QUERY="select /*+ parallel(2) */ *from hh.ent_person" table=ent_person head=yes FILE=C:\\ent_person.txt
p.s. head=yes表示第一行为表头；并且query也可以写入一个文件然后使用sql选项。
默认分隔字符为逗号，如果列中有特殊字符，可使用field选项指定新的分隔字符。

4、数据已经导入到C:\\ent_person.txt，几十万数据秒速。

5、使用sqlldr进行导入，首先找到$ORACLE_HOME的bin目录生成的ctl文件，当sqluldr2有table选项会默认生成ctl文件，以用于导入。

6、将数据加载到数据库中：
sqlldr jms/jms@tiod control=ent_person_sqlldr.ctl log=ent_person_sqlldr.log bad=ent_person_sqlldr_bad.log skip=1 errors=5000 rows=5000 bindsize=335542
p.s. skip=1表示跳过第一行，从第二行开始导入。

7、最后查看log是否有数据没有导入